The European Union was formally established in 1992 (although the organizing body that constitutes it has existed since 1957) and currently has 27 member states. The EU seeks to establish European citizenship; ensure freedom, security and justice; promote economic and social progress; and assert Europe's role in the world. 

Some Eastern and Southern European countries have applied for membership and have been recognized as candidate countries. These countries are Croatia, Former Yoguslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey.